Projects

Understanding and Mitigating Leishmaniasis Risks Among Deployed Military Personnel

Leishmaniasis poses a significant health risk to deployed military personnel, particularly in endemic regions. Our research focuses on understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of sand fly vectors and quantifying human exposure to these vectors. By doing so, we aim to develop strategies to reduce the incidence of leishmaniasis and protect the health of military personnel.

Phase 1: Incidence Analysis in the Study Population

We began by analysing the incidence of leishmaniasis within our target population (see our study here). This initial investigation provided baseline data on infection rates and highlighted the need for targeted prevention strategies. Understanding the burden of the disease within this specific group allowed us to identify critical knowledge gaps and direct subsequent research.

Phase 2: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Building on the initial findings, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (manuscript in press - see preprint here) to compare leishmaniasis incidence among similar populations. This effort aimed to place our findings in a broader context and assess the involvement of specific Leishmania species and common sand fly vectors. The comparative analysis also helped us identify global patterns and risk factors associated with vector exposure.

Phase 3: Identifying Vector Species and Their Distribution

To refine our understanding of disease transmission, we are concluding the identification of sand fly species present in our study area. This includes analysing their spatiotemporal distribution—examining where and when these vectors are most active. Such information is crucial for predicting hotspots of disease transmission and implementing targeted interventions.

Phase 4: Measuring Troop Exposure

Next, we will assess troop exposure to sand fly bites using antibody testing for sand fly salivary proteins. This innovative method measures immune responses to bites, providing a quantitative estimate of exposure levels. These data will be instrumental in creating a risk map that visualises areas of high transmission risk, helping inform deployment strategies and preventive measures.

Phase 5: Testing Novel Prevention Strategies

Our ultimate goal is to trial novel vector control methods to reduce exposure to sand fly bites. One promising approach is the use of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs)—a method that exploits the feeding behaviour of sand flies to deliver insecticides selectively. By targeting vectors effectively while minimising ecological impact, ATSBs could revolutionise vector control efforts and significantly lower disease incidence.

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Conclusion Through this multi-phase research, we aim to provide actionable insights and innovative solutions to protect deployed military personnel from leishmaniasis. By combining epidemiological studies, advanced diagnostic tools, and novel interventions, our work contributes to the broader effort of reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases in endemic regions.

We collaborate with CORE Africa, a network of scientists and researchers dedicated to enhancing and supporting research capacity across Africa. I look forward to building connections with similar organisations to drive environmental improvements in developing communities.